A hybrid unknown input estimation based on a new two-sample BACKWARD model and data fusion for high maneuvering target TRACKING is proposed. This new approach is based on consideration of more than one state and input components from the current single observation. These extracted state and input components would be augmented in a single vector, and the final estimation for unknown target acceleration will be determined. Using a combination of the new BACKWARD modeling and traditional modified input estimation (MIE) technique, more information will be extracted. This new hybrid scheme which using more input information can better estimate the target maneuvering structure. Despite the traditional methods, the proposed algorithm introduces two different strategies to state the input estimation including online and delayed estimation scenarios. Also, this paper suggests several different data fusion methods through these strategies. The results are compared with a typical MIE method to evaluate the performance of the proposed hybrid scheme especially for problems in high maneuvering target TRACKING. The results show that the BACKWARD algorithm makes advantages such as reduction of the transient state error and more stability for the estimation by an appropriate combination of the MIE estimator.

A new mathematical model for identifying pollution sources in aquifers is presented. The model utilizes Lagrange Constrained Optimization Method (LCOM) and is capable to inversely solve unsteady fluid flow in saturated, heterogeneous, anisotropic confined and/or unconfined aquifers. Throughout the presented model, complete advection-dispersion equation, including the adsorption as well as retardation of contaminant, is considered. The well-known finite element method is used to discretize and solve the governing equations. The model verification is implemented using a hypothetical example. Also, the applicability of the developed code is illustrated by the real field problem of Ramhormoz aquifer in southwestern Iran.

In ancient times, due to inaccessibility of human society to healthy water and food, the focus of health systems around the world especially in underdeveloped and developing countries were on infectious diseases and that is why we see a variety of vaccines and antibiotics today.....

In a recent Editorial for this journal, El-Jardali and Fadlallah proposed a new framework for Knowledge Translation (KT) in healthcare. Many such frameworks already exist; thus, new entrants to the field must be scrutinized in regard to their unique contributions to advancing understanding and practice. The El-Jardali and Fadlallah framework focuses on policy-level discussions, a relatively under-studied issue to date. Their framework usefully incorporates both priority setting questions at the front-end (which KT efforts get undertaken and which do not) as well as evaluation questions at the back-end (how do we show that more evidence-informed decisions are actually better ones?). Their framework also emphasizes capacity building among both decision-makers and researchers. This is an area worthy of additional attention, particularly because it is likely to be far more challenging than El-Jardali and Fadlallah allow.

This contribution gathers some of the ingredients presented during the Iranian Operational Research community gathering in Babolsar in 2019. It is a collection of several previous publications on how to set up an uncertainty quantification (UQ) cascade with ingredients of growing computational complexity for both forward and reverse uncertainty propagation.

In this paper, an upper bound analysis of novel BACKWARD extrusion was presented. Initially, deformation zone was divided in four separate regions and an admissible velocity field for each was suggested. Then, total power in this process was calculated for each region, therefore, extrusion force was obtained. Moreover, investigation of relevance of extrusion force and process powers (friction, deformation, velocity discontinuity) with process parameters revealed better understanding in load estimation and process efficiency in this method. Finite element analysis by DEFORMTM3D was utilized for validation of upper bound results. Upper bound analysis showed increasing initial billet diameter enhances extrusion force by nonlinear relation. In addition, big billet size remodels novel BACKWARD extrusion to conventional BACKWARD extrusion and proves lower requirement extrusion load in novel BACKWARD extrusion in comparison with conventional BACKWARD extrusion. Moreover, increasing the first region’s thickness in this process diminishes extrusion force by exponential relation and no considerable change in extrusion force can be seen in a particular thickness domain. Investigation of process parameters in power efficiency showed that increasing the extruded part’s diameter created a critical condition in process efficiency because of high friction power. But increasing the thickness enhances power efficiency. Finally, upper bound analysis results had good agreement with FEA.

In today's world, we are witnessing the launch, maintenance, control and exploitation of various projects. Projects that have high costs and optimal use of this capital in the current economy of the country are highly regarded by managers. On the other hand, each project is expected to achieve its predetermined goals at a specified time. Today, the necessity of rapid construction of subway lines in Tehran's metropolitan area, which is involved in severe traffic jams, is not covered by anyone. Despite the understanding of this issue by the authorities and the good actions taken so far in this direction. However, more effort and a greater determination to reach the acceptable speed in the construction and completion of metro lines is necessary. Quick implementation of projects is based on the principles of concurrent engineering, called fast TRACKING, in construction projects. In the fast delivery method, solutions such as resource enhancement, synchronous engineering, overlapping phases, value engineering, teamwork by the multi-functional team, improving communication and information transfer, and accelerating decision making, using efficient contractual methods (transferring risks as Effective way, which by using the correct methods, accelerates the implementation of the project. Therefore, in this article, management strategies for implementing fast TRACKING projects in the development projects of the country have been investigated.